Why the Adrenal Glands Contain the Highest Vitamin C Concentration in the Body
The adrenal glands contain more vitamin C per gram of tissue than any other organ in the human body. This is because vitamin C is an essential cofactor for the enzymes that synthesise cortisol and adrenaline — the two primary stress hormones. Every time you encounter a stressor, your adrenal glands consume vitamin C to manufacture cortisol, which means that chronic stress rapidly depletes vitamin C stores throughout the body. This is why prolonged stress often manifests as symptoms that look like vitamin C deficiency — fatigue, easy bruising, slow wound healing, and frequent infections.
Implications for Supplement Strategy
The recommended daily allowance for vitamin C (75-90mg) is based on the amount needed to prevent scurvy, not the amount optimal for stress resilience or adrenal function. Orthomolecular medicine practitioners often recommend 1,000-3,000mg per day during periods of high stress, divided into two or three doses to maintain stable blood levels. Vitamin C is water-soluble and non-toxic even at high doses — any excess is excreted in urine. The most bioavailable forms are liposomal vitamin C and buffered mineral ascorbates (sodium ascorbate, potassium ascorbate), which are gentler on the stomach than ascorbic acid.
KSM-66 vs Other Extracts: Why the Form Matters
Not all ashwagandha extracts are created equal. The KSM-66 extract, standardised to greater than 5% withanolides and derived from roots only, has the largest and most rigorous trial database, demonstrating meaningful reductions in perceived stress scores within 8-12 weeks in multiple randomised controlled trials. Many commercial products use whole-root powders or low-potency leaf extracts containing minimal withanolides. Evidence-based supplementation requires a standardised extract at 300-600mg per day of KSM-66 or equivalent.
Mechanism: How Withanolides Calm the Nervous System
The active constituents bind GABA-A receptors, producing anxiolytic effects without sedation, inhibit cortisol synthesis in adrenal cortex cells, and reduce neuroinflammation via NF-kB and TNF-alpha suppression. Unlike pharmaceutical anxiolytics, standard doses do not impair cognitive performance or create physical dependence. The cortisol-lowering effect is particularly relevant for people whose stress manifests as metabolic dysfunction.
KSM-66 vs Other Extracts: Why the Form Matters
Not all ashwagandha extracts are created equal. The KSM-66 extract, standardised to greater than 5% withanolides and derived from roots only, has the largest and most rigorous trial database, demonstrating meaningful reductions in perceived stress scores within 8-12 weeks in multiple randomised controlled trials. Many commercial products use whole-root powders or low-potency leaf extracts containing minimal withanolides. Evidence-based supplementation requires a standardised extract at 300-600mg per day of KSM-66 or equivalent.
Mechanism: How Withanolides Calm the Nervous System
The active constituents bind GABA-A receptors, producing anxiolytic effects without sedation, inhibit cortisol synthesis in adrenal cortex cells, and reduce neuroinflammation via NF-kB and TNF-alpha suppression. Unlike pharmaceutical anxiolytics, standard doses do not impair cognitive performance or create physical dependence. The cortisol-lowering effect is particularly relevant for people whose stress manifests as metabolic dysfunction.
KSM-66 vs Other Extracts: Why the Form Matters
Not all ashwagandha extracts are created equal. The KSM-66 extract, standardised to greater than 5% withanolides and derived from roots only, has the largest and most rigorous trial database, demonstrating meaningful reductions in perceived stress scores within 8-12 weeks in multiple randomised controlled trials. Many commercial products use whole-root powders or low-potency leaf extracts containing minimal withanolides. Evidence-based supplementation requires a standardised extract at 300-600mg per day of KSM-66 or equivalent.
Mechanism: How Withanolides Calm the Nervous System
The active constituents bind GABA-A receptors, producing anxiolytic effects without sedation, inhibit cortisol synthesis in adrenal cortex cells, and reduce neuroinflammation via NF-kB and TNF-alpha suppression. Unlike pharmaceutical anxiolytics, standard doses do not impair cognitive performance or create physical dependence. The cortisol-lowering effect is particularly relevant for people whose stress manifests as metabolic dysfunction.
KSM-66 vs Other Extracts: Why the Form Matters
Not all ashwagandha extracts are created equal. The KSM-66 extract, standardised to greater than 5% withanolides and derived from roots only, has the largest and most rigorous trial database, demonstrating meaningful reductions in perceived stress scores within 8-12 weeks in multiple randomised controlled trials. Many commercial products use whole-root powders or low-potency leaf extracts containing minimal withanolides. Evidence-based supplementation requires a standardised extract at 300-600mg per day of KSM-66 or equivalent.
Mechanism: How Withanolides Calm the Nervous System
The active constituents bind GABA-A receptors, producing anxiolytic effects without sedation, inhibit cortisol synthesis in adrenal cortex cells, and reduce neuroinflammation via NF-kB and TNF-alpha suppression. Unlike pharmaceutical anxiolytics, standard doses do not impair cognitive performance or create physical dependence. The cortisol-lowering effect is particularly relevant for people whose stress manifests as metabolic dysfunction.
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